COMPUTER GENERATION

GENERATION OF COMPUTER

To simplify mattes and provide frame work for the growth of computer industry we shall look at different periods of the computer called generations of computer.
FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS:-All the computer which has used the vacuums tubes as the memory device are called the ist generations of computer ,the memory unit used in these computers were 'vaccum tubes which was developed by lee deforest in 1908.MARK I AND ENIAC are the ex. of the ist generations computers ,these computers used the machine language ,the machine language used the binary codes 0's and 1's.
SECOND GENERATIONS COMPUTERS:-All the computers which has used the transistors as the memory devices are called the second generations computers,the memory unit used in these computers were transistors which can replaced 1000 vacuum tubes by one transistors ,the transistor ws developed by the TRIO-GROUP in1948-1949 ,the members of TRIO-group were william shockely ,john burden and walter h. brattain ,the second gerneration computers were more reliable and faster than the ist generation computers IBM 1401,IBM 650 and UNIVAC are the ex. of the second generation computers.
THIRD GERNERATION COMPUTER:-All the computers which has used the ICas the memory devices are called the third generation computers.the memory unit used in these computers were IC chips which was developed by Hardwick johnson in 1953 ,the IC is the integration of large no. of components like Diodes,capacitors ,resistors in a small hips ,so these computes are very samll in sizse than the first an second generation computers .IC -Chips were replaced by LSIand VLSIwhich are more fast ,has large capacity and small in size .IBM 360,UNIVAC 1108,UNIVAC 9000 etc.are the ex. of the third generation computers.
FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS:-All the computers used inevery field of computers are the fourth gerneration computers which used very high speed microprocessors ,the memory unit in these computers are also the IC chip but the chips are cut into small ,thin pieces and made from highly purified silicon crystals.the chips are divided into differents parts like-memory unit,arithmetic and logical unit ,control unit.so far computer has phased out its three generations ,now many of the computers available in markets are of fourth generations,although the announcement has been made for fifth gerneration,ist proposal for the fifth generation computers is given by japan in1978 ,now USA ,JAPAN AND EUROPEAN countries ar trying separately in three distinct groups for the quick developement of fifith generations computers.
THE features of fifth generations computers are
-artificial intelligence
-expert systems